12 bulan kalender Hijri dan kepentingannya dalam Islam
The first month of the Hijri calendar and one of the four sacred months. Fasting in this month is the most virtuous after Ramadan. Ashura (10 Muharram) commemorates the day Moses was saved from Pharaoh.
The second month of the year. Pre-Islamic Arabs would travel during this month. Islam rejected the pre-Islamic belief that this month was unlucky.
The month in which Prophet Muhammad was born (12 Rabi al-Awwal) and also passed away. Mawlid al-Nabi is observed as a time to reflect on the Prophet's life and teachings.
The fourth month. While it has no major religious occasion, it is a month for continued worship and reflection.
The fifth month. Its name refers to frozen water, reflecting winter cold. A month of continuous worship and supplication.
The sixth month. Together with Jumada al-Awwal it represents winter months. Khadijah, the Prophet's first wife, passed away on the 10th of this month.
One of the four sacred months. The Night Journey (Isra wal-Miraj) occurred in this month (27 Rajab) — when the Prophet traveled from Mecca to Jerusalem and then to the heavens, receiving the command for five daily prayers.
Shaban is the neighbor of Ramadan — a month of preparation and intensified worship. The Prophet fasted more in this month than in any other. Laylat al-Bara'at (15 Shaban) is a night of seeking forgiveness.
The holiest month of Islam. The Quran began to be revealed in this month. Fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam and is obligatory in Ramadan. Laylat al-Qadr (one of the last ten odd nights) is described as 'better than a thousand months'.
Shawwal follows Ramadan and begins with Eid al-Fitr. Fasting six days in this month is equivalent in reward to fasting the entire year.
One of the four sacred months. Warfare is forbidden in this month. It is the month of intense Hajj preparations and the time when pilgrims in ihram depart.
The month of Hajj and the last of the four sacred months. The first ten days are among the most virtuous of the year. Eid al-Adha is on the 10th. Arafat Day (9 Dhul Hijjah) is a day of great forgiveness.
The four Haram (sacred) months are Muharram, Rajab, Dhu al-Qidah, and Dhu al-Hijjah. Warfare was forbidden in these months and extra devotion is encouraged.
The Hijri calendar is based entirely on lunar cycles, making each year approximately 354-355 days. The Gregorian year is 365 days, creating a difference of about 11 days per year.
Because the Hijri year is shorter than the Gregorian year, Ramadan advances about 11 days earlier each year on the Gregorian calendar, cycling through all seasons over 33 years.